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Cash interest explained

You will receive interest on balances in your platform cash account at the prevailing rate.

Embark Investment Services Limited acts as the custodian for investments on the Willis Owen platform and is one of our strategic partners that provides our Willis Owen ISA, GIA, Junior ISA and SIPP.

Embark places cash with a number of banking partners for safekeeping and to provide the potential for you to earn interest on money in your platform cash account. By managing cash in this way, it aims to provide better protection and a higher overall level of interest than if all funds were placed with a single bank.

The rates of interest paid by banks will vary. Embark retains a portion of the interest earned to cover its costs in managing platform cash.

Current Interest Rate

The table below shows the current customer interest rate payable on cash balances along with the amount of interest retained by Embark. The customer interest rate shown is that after accounting for interest retained by Embark:

Date From Customer Interest Rate Interest retained by Embark
12th June 2024 2.6% 1.75% - 2.00%

Embark can change the rate of interest at any time and it reviews the position at least quarterly. Interest is calculated and accrued daily and is credited to your account on the first of each month. If you transfer out, accrued interest is applied at the point of transfer. We will inform you if and when the interest rate changes as soon as is practicable.

Interest retained

The table below shows the yearly equivalent rates of interest Embark expects to pay based on a range of possible yearly interest rates it may earn.

Interest Embark expects to earn Customer Interest Rate Interest retained by Embark
0-1% 0 – 0.46% 0 – 0.54%
1-2% 0.46% – 0.94% 0.54% – 1.06%
2-3% 0.94% – 1.46% 1.06% – 1.54%
3-4% 1.46% – 2.02% 1.54% – 1.98%
4-5% 2.02% – 2.61% 1.98% – 2.39%
5%+ 2.61%+ 2.39%+

Historic Interest Rates

To see details of historic customer interest rates, along with the amount of interest retained by Embark, click here.

Equity Styles Explained

Market capitalisation is an indication of the size of the companies being invested in. It is calculated by multiplying the number of shares issued by the company by the current share price. Market capitalisation is divided into ‘large’, ‘medium’ or ‘small’ according to the below:

Large – Companies that have a market capitalisation greater than $10 billion.

Medium – Companies that have a market capitalisation between $2 billion and $10 billion.

Small – Companies that have a market capitalisation below $2 billion.

Companies can be categorised as ‘value’, ‘blend’ or ‘growth’ as defined below:

Value – Companies that are considered to be trading at a share price below what their fundamentals would suggest.

Blend – Companies that do not exhibit solely value or growth characteristics.

Growth – Typically well-established companies which are considered to have above average prospects for long-term growth.

Equity Regions Explained

Equity region indicates in which countries the underlying shares within your portfolio are listed.

USA – Companies listed on a stock market in the USA.

Canada – Companies listed on a stock market in Canada.

Latin America – Companies listed on stock markets in the Caribbean, Central America and South America, such as Mexico, Brazil and Argentina.

United Kingdom – Companies listed on a stock market in the United Kingdom, Guernsey, Isle of Man and Jersey.

Eurozone – Companies listed on stock markets in countries which have the Euro as their official currency, such as France, Germany and Spain.

Europe ex Eurozone – Companies listed on stock markets in western European countries which do not have the Euro as their official currency, such as Denmark, Sweden and Switzerland.

Europe Emerging – Companies listed on stock markets in European emerging markets, such as Poland, Russia and Turkey.

Africa – Companies listed on stock markets in African countries, such as Egypt, Nigeria and South Africa.

Middle East – Companies listed on stock markets in Middle Eastern countries, such as Israel, Qatar and Saudi Arabia.

Japan – Companies listed on a stock market in Japan.

Australasia – Companies listed on stock markets in Australia and New Zealand.

Asia Developed – Companies listed on stock markets in developed Asian countries, such as Hong Kong, Singapore and Taiwan.

Asia Emerging – Companies listed on stock markets in emerging Asian countries, such as China, India and Thailand.

Equity Sectors Explained

Cyclical – Companies which operate in industries that are considered to be significantly affected by economic shifts. When the economy is prosperous, these industries tend to expand and when the economy is in a downturn they tend to shrink.

Basic Materials - Companies that manufacture chemicals, building materials and paper products. This sector also includes companies engaged in commodities exploration and processing.

Consumer Cyclical - This sector includes retail stores, auto and auto-parts manufacturers, restaurants, lodging facilities, specialty retail and travel companies.

Financial Services - Companies that provide financial services include banks, savings and loans, asset management companies, credit services, investment brokerage firms and insurance companies.

Real Estate - This sector includes companies that develop, acquire, manage and operate real estate properties.

Sensitive – Companies that operate in industries that ebb and flow with the overall economy, but not severely. Sensitive industries fall between defensive and cyclical, as they are not immune to a poor economy, but they also may not be as severely affected as cyclicals.

Communication Services - Companies that provide communication services using fixed-line networks or those that provide wireless access and services. Also includes companies that provide advertising & marketing services, entertainment content and services, as well as interactive media and content provider over internet or through software.

Energy - Companies that produce or refine oil and gas, oilfield-services and equipment companies and pipeline operators. This sector also includes companies that mine thermal coal and Uranium.

Industrials - Companies that manufacture machinery, hand-held tools and industrial products. This sector also includes aerospace and defence firms as well as companies engaged in transportation services.

Technology - Companies engaged in the design, development and support of computer operating systems and applications. This sector also includes companies that make computer equipment, data storage products, networking products, semiconductors and components.

Defensive – Companies which operate in industries that are relatively immune from economic shifts. These industries provide services that consumers require in both good and bad times.

Consumer Defensive – Companies that manufacture food, beverages, household and personal products, packaging, or tobacco. Also includes companies that provide services such as education and training services.

Healthcare – This sector includes biotechnology, pharmaceuticals, research services, home healthcare, hospitals, long-term-care facilities and medical equipment and supplies. Also includes pharmaceutical retailers and companies which provide health information services.

Utilities - Electric, gas and water utilities.

Product Involvement Explained

Product Involvement metrics measure the percentage of a portfolio's assets exposed to a range of business areas and activities. For example, if a fund's involvement in Animal Testing is 20%, that means 20% of the fund's assets are invested in companies involved in Animal Testing.

Exposure percentages are calculated by summing the weights of a portfolio’s holdings in the companies involved in each area. In most cases a company is considered ‘involved’ in a certain area if it's revenue from that area exceeds a certain minimum threshold. In other areas, for example animal testing, abortion, contraceptives and human embryonic stem cell research, there is no revenue threshold such that if the company has any involvement at all in these areas, it will be considered involved. If a company is considered involved in an area, the entire weight of that company in a portfolio is counted when determining the overall percentages shown.

ESG Pillars Explained

Morningstar's ESG Pillar Scores help investors understand how a fund is performing in three key areas: Environmental (E), Social (S), and Governance (G). These scores break down the overall sustainability risk of a portfolio into these specific categories.

Each score reflects how much environmental, social, and governance factors contribute to the overall risk of companies in the fund. The scores are averaged based on the size of each company in the portfolio. Lower scores mean lower risk.

To receive these scores, at least 67% of the fund’s assets must be rated for their ESG risk. This provides investors with a clearer view of a fund’s exposure to sustainability risks in different areas.

Asset Allocation Explained

Equity – Often referred to as shares. Shares are units of ownership in a company which entitle the holder to certain rights for example to exercise voting rights or to participate in the company’s profits.

Fixed Income – Often referred to as fixed interest or bonds. When you invest in bonds, you are typically lending money to a company or a government in return for a defined series of interest payments and the promise that a defined value (called the ‘face’ or ‘par’ value) will be returned at a certain point in time

Property – Investments in property include residential, offices, warehouses and shopping centres.

Cash – Money held in cash or cash-like instruments, often to ensure there are sufficient liquid assets within a portfolio.

Other – Contains other investments such as commodities, preferred stock and derivatives.

Introduction to exchange-traded funds (ETFs)

What is an exchange-traded fund (ETF)?

An ETF is a type of collective investment scheme that pools money from different investors. It is used by a professional fund manager to invest in a basket of securities, such as shares and bonds.

They are like funds in terms of what they invest in, but because they are listed securities in their own right, they can be traded at any time during market trading hours (as opposed to funds that are typically traded only once a day).

ETFs are typically passive investments that seek to replicate the returns of a chosen index but offer a high level of transparency as they publish their holdings daily.

Types of ETFs

The global ETF market is huge and worth trillions of pounds. There are also many different types of ETFs in the market, below are the most common:

  • Index ETFs - aim to replicate the performance of an index by holding the constituents of the index. Index ETFs are the most common form in the market
  • Active ETFs - seek to outperform an index. Active ETFs are very similar to active funds
  • Stock ETFs- funds that are managed by professionals who use their judgement to decide where and how to invest, in line with the fund's objectives
  • Bond ETFs (also known as fixed income ETFs) – these invest in a basket of bonds that can be grouped by region, type of bond or credit rating
  • Commodity ETFs - ETFs that seek to track the price of physical assets such as gold, oil, and wheat. You may also hear the term exchange-traded commodity (ETC) used. While they are not strictly ETFs, ETCs track the value of a commodity by buying and physically storing it (physical ETCs) or using derivatives to match the returns of the commodity (synthetic ETCs)
  • Strategic beta ETFs (also known as smart beta ETFs) – these employ a mix of active and passive investing strategies as they track an index that has been weighted to maximise a specific factor. Examples include ETFs that target growth stocks, high dividend payers or quality stocks. There are also multi-factor strategic beta ETFs that provide exposure to several factors
  • Thematic ETFs – ETFs that invest in line with a specific theme or trend. These ETFs target companies that can benefit from a significant structural trend in the global economy. Examples of themes and trends include artificial intelligence, clean energy and copper mining .

Pros

  • Targeted exposure – the ETF universe is wide-reaching and some ETFs invest in very specific stocks or bonds. If there is a particular area of the market you want to invest in, there is most likely an ETF out there for you
  • Diversification – due to the wide array of ETFs in the market, you could potentially diversify your portfolio even further than if you just bought funds
  • Low cost – ETFs are generally low cost, especially when compared to active funds
  • Easy to trade – ETFs are traded throughout the day when markets are open, unlike funds which are usually only traded once a day
  • Transparency – ETF holdings, performance and costs are published daily, which helps investors know exactly where their money is and what they are paying for
  • Tax efficiency – when buying and selling ETFs, investors aren’t subject to stamp duty and certain other levies that investors would normally pay if they were buying shares in individual companies or investment trusts, for example

Cons

  • Concentration risk – because many ETFs hone in on a particular theme, index or subsection of an index, it means they can experience higher volatility at times. The more specialist the ETF, the higher this risk.
  • Complexities around intraday trading – the ability to trade throughout the day is a key feature of ETFs, and brings with it both higher risks and opportunities. If you are an active trader, you might be able to take full advantage of sudden price movements, but equally you could get stung by these if you buy at the wrong time.

    Also, when investing in an ETF you can’t sell without a buyer, which might force you to hold onto an ETF for longer than you’d like, as opposed to investing in open-ended funds, when you sell units back to the fund management firm.

    Even professional investors struggle with timing the market so accurately. If, like most retail investors, you tend to take a medium to long-term view of your investments, intraday pricing isn’t something you’ll likely be monitoring that closely.
  • Complexities around pricing – unlike funds, which are generally single-priced, you will most likely buy an ETF at a higher price than its current sale price. The spread between those two prices will be affected by factors like market volatility for instance, or the liquidity in the underlying stocks. In ordinary funds you don’t see this because transaction costs are just absorbed in the fund and shared out. In ETFs, you see this much more directly as it’s reflected dynamically in the spread.

    It’s also worth remembering that the price of an ETF won’t necessarily reflect its net asset value (NAV) , which means they can trade at a discount or premium, depending on market demand at the time.
  • Limitations on upside potential - ETFs typically seek to only track an index, so there is no opportunity to outperform the index through active management.

Terminology

Investing in ETFs can be quite confusing for novice investors, not helped by the large number of terms that aren’t often used when talking about funds and other types of shares. Below are some key terms to understand before you decide whether to buy ETFs for your portfolio:

How do you trade in ETFs and what are the costs?

ETFs are priced throughout the day during market trading hours, between 8am and 4.30pm. When buying or selling during this time, investors are presented with a live quote to accept before the trade is placed. Trades placed outside of these hours can be dealt 'at best' which means at the next available opportunity when the market reopens.

The main cost associated with trading in ETFs is a trade fee, which is applicable when buying or selling shares in an ETF.

Access full details about fees and charges.

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